Upcycling

Upcycling is the process of transforming waste materials, by-products, or unwanted products into new items of higher value, quality, or environmental benefit.

Mass-produced, low-cost furniture designed for short-term use and frequent replacement, often at a high environmental cost.

Pre-consumer (also called post-industrial) material is waste diverted from the manufacturing process before the product is completed.

Bio-attributed products are developed through a mass balance model.